Types of Tourism
1. Beach
Tourism
Many tourists
spend their holidays on beaches. They relax, go bathing or just enjoy the salty
sea breeze
and the ocean. Spending holidays on beaches has had a long tradition for over
one and a half centuries.
2. Winter
Tourism
Winter tourism
started out in the middle of the 19th century when wealthy
Europeans went to St. Moritz and other alpine resorts.
In Europe and in the American Rockies skiing resorts attract
millions of people every year. Various lifts bring skiers to altitudes
of over 3,000 meters.
3. Medical
Tourism
People go to
other countries for medical treatment and operations. Irish women, for example, go to
the UK because abortions are forbidden in their country. West
Europeans go to Eastern Europe for dental treatment.
Americans go to Mexico for plastic surgery and other operations.
4. Educational
Tourism
Young people
live as exchange
students in other countries, where they go to school and study
the language and culture of the host country.
5. Sports
Tourism
An increasing
number of sports fans travel to places where special events are being held. The
Olympic Games and world championships attract visitors from around the
world.
6. Package
Holiday
Organized
tours were started in the middle of the 19th century by a British businessman,
Thomas Cook. Package
tours are made up of travel to and accommodation
at the destination.
A tourist agency
often provides everything from a plane flight to a rental car. Sometimes such package tours offer a
combination of beach holidays and sightseeing trip.
7. Spa
Tourism
Spas have
been popular since Roman times. In 16th century Britain Bath became the center
of spa tourism for the rich population. During the 19th century spas emerged
all over Europe. Today people go to spas for the healing
effect of mineral waters as well as for offer wellness treatment,
massages, steam
baths and other services.
8. Adventure
Tourism
In the past
few decades
trips to faraway exotic places have become popular. Tourists looking for thrilling
activities go mountaineering, rafting, trekking , or even to remote places in the rainforest.
9. Religious
Tourism
Religious
tourists go on pilgrimages to holy sites. Roman Catholics, for example,
travel to Lourdes, Fatima or the Vatican in Europe. Muslims are required
to go to Mecca at least once in their lifetime. Varanasi , on the banks of
the Ganges River, is the spiritual capital of the Hindus.
110. Ecotourism
Recently many
people have chosen a type of tourism that does not damage the environment.
They avoid
travelling by plane or do not buy souvenirs that are made out of endangered
plants and animals. Some holiday offers give tourists the chance to take part in
environmental projects.
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